The panels were installed at a minimum height of 2.5 m, with a vertical projection ratio (total vertical projection area of PV modules over the farmland area they covered) of 53.3%. The arrays were mounted on structural supports, including precast concrete piles, and tilted at an angle of 24°.
Increasing the height of the PV panels altered the distribution of solar radiation within the system; as the height rose to 3.9 m, soil temperature in the middle area gradually decreased, while that in the northern and southern areas increased.
With increasing PV panel installation height, air temperature non-uniformity significantly decreased from 5.87 × 10 –3 to 1.28 × 10 –3, representing a 78.2% reduction. This decline was primarily attributed to reduced overall light penetration within the APV systems as the PV panel height increased.
The panel height affects several crucial aspects: solar irradiance on the ground, airflow between the panels and the crops, and the overall heat balance within the system 15. Therefore, determining the optimal panel height is crucial for maximizing the benefits of APV systems without compromising their dual functions.
Ground-mounted solar panels are typically installed at a height that balances efficiency with practicality. The average height generally ranges from 3 to 5 feet above the ground.
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In conclusion, adjusting the height of PV panels enables effective regulation of soil and air temperatures across different areas, thereby creating a favorable microclimate for crop growth.
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